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2011

Watermills as a renewable energy in Iran, dezful

Author:Amin Saeidian

Abstract:
Many years ago, a necessity in human daily life made him to cogitate about the possible ways to take advantage of nature and invent an important tool. At that time, the first and most crucial need of human was to make bread to eat. To make bread, they needed to crush the wheat into powder. To achieve this end, the hard-working people of Khuzestan Province tried to use hydropower by building mill and operating it. Near Dez River in Dezful city, there is an old and ruined installation, namely watermill, which is thought to date back to 1700 years ago to Sasanid Dynasty. It is obvious that these watermills were operative throughout the centuries. Watermills can be found in a limited number of areas in Iran, as the rotation of the wheels of this type of mill requires powerful and continuous hydropower. Dez River in Dezful city has all the necessary requisites. This very powerful river made the people of the city, from which the river passes, to benefit from the water power. In the past, the watermills operated with the water power of the river and transfer of this power into the reservoirs. In this way, the river flow was accelerated, which caused the rotation of the mill wheels and millstone and, as a result, crushing the wheat. With the invention of machine, the mills were neglected. Nowadays, only ruined buildings of these mills have remained, which are the reminder of the age of prosperity and fertility. The method of the current research is of descriptive-analytical type. Data gathering was done in library and fieldwork methods. Following the study of the history of Dezful watermills, we investigated the quotations from tourists, the books which have been remained from that time, and the belief of indigenous people to find the place, application, and the architecture of these windmills. At the end, we conclude that these mills are the indicators of the creativity and initiation of our ancestors and updated technology of that time. That is, they were aware of the hydraulics and the capacity and behavior of water to fulfill their daily and physical demands. This fact made the design of these mills sustainable and noble during the centuries. They can be a model for human to build a comfortable environment to live. In this way, such examples of architecture, being recognized as windmill, in Dezful have become the focus of attention during the recent years.